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UPPERLAND

CERRADÃO

Height between 6 and 12m, with density allowing light to reach the ground.

Some typical plants:
Aroeira - Myracrodruon urundeuva, Timbó - Magonia pubescens, Gonçalo - Astronium fraxinifolium, Charcoal - Callisthene fasciculata, Ipê-de-folha-larga - Tabebuia impetiginosa, Cipó-tripa-de-galinha - Bauhinia glabra.

 

 

SEMI-DECIDUAL FOREST

It has many trees of great circumference and height around 18m, being more dense and shaded than the previous one.

In it, we find as typical plants:

Acuri - Scheelea phalerata (fundamental food of the Hyacinth Macaw), Fig trees - Ficus sp., Manduvi - Sterculia striata, Mulateira - Albizia niopioides, Jatobá-verdadeiro - Hymenaea courbaril, Olho-de-pombo - Diospyros obovota, Seputá - Salacia elliptica.

 

 

DECIDUAL FOREST

With a height of around 20 meters, almost without sub-forest, it is less dense than the previous one.

In it, some typical plants are:
Carrapicho - Pisonia zapallo, Taijica - Maclura tinctoria, Marmelada-de-cachorro - Alibertia sessilis, Cactus - Cereus peruvianus, Pitomba - Talisia esculenta, Castle - Calycophyllum multiflorum and epiphytic bromeliads.

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FLOODABLE FOREST

Varied composition, according to soil and flood conditions. The height also varies from 6 to 12 meters. Lesser circumference trees than in the dry woodlands, but with greater density. Well developed sub-forest, limiting light input.

In clay soil you can find: Cambará - Vochysia divergens, Roncador - Mouriri guianensis, Bacupari - Rheedia brasiliensis, Caneleira - Ocotea suaveolens, Canafístula - Cassia grandis, Leiteiro-de-tucano - Brosimum lactescens, Jenipapo - Genipa americana, Pau-d'óleo - Copaifera langsdorfii, Urumbamba - Desmoncus sp.

 

In sandy soil: Guanandi - Calophyllum brasiliense, Pombeiro-preto- Combretum laxum, Cipó-de-quina - Gouania latifolia, Cachuá-vermelho - Trichilia catigua, Ingá - Inga urugüensis, Pimenteira - Licania parvifolia (the preferred orchid substrate).

 

 

LIXEIROS

Lixeiro is the name given to the Pantanal’s cerrado, floodable savanna with high grasses of the other Brazilian savannas, such as Rabo-de-lobo - Andropogon sp., Intermixtures of murundus (small elevations), where trees of the cerrado (scrubland) occur.

In the grassland areas there are: Orchid - Stenorrhynchus sp., Arixicum - Annona dioica, Guava-araçá - Psidium guineense, Ata-do-campo - Annona cornifolia.

The dominant trees in the murundus are: Cumbaru - Dipteryx alata, Loro-preto - Cordia glabrata, Paratudo - Tabebuia aurea, Jatobá-de-cerrado - Hymenaea stigonocarpa, Bull's eye - Diospyros hispida, Lixeira - Curatella americana, Canjiqueira - Byrsonima sp.

 

FIELDS

Seasonally flooded fields (locally named largos) are grassland landscapes with grasses that do not occur in the cerrado, but are found in Southern (Pampa and Chaco) and Northern (Amazonia) regions of South America, with species of the genus Axonopus and Paspalum, among others.

There are herbaceous species such as: Tucum - Bactris glaucescens, Cotton - Ipomoea fistulosa, Spinning herb - Solanum glaucophyllum.

Among the trees (sparse), stand out: Piúva-de-folha-miúda - Tabebuia heptaphylla, Morcegueiro - Andira inermis.

During the flood phase, aquatic vegetation develops, such as Erva-vermelha - Ludwigia sp., Aguapés - Eichornia sp.

 

MARSHES

The marshes are landscapes permanently flooded, varying its vegetal composition and height, situated from 0.5 to 2 meters.

Among the species found are:

Aguapés - Eichornia sp., Piri - Cyperus giganteus, Caeté - Thalia geniculata, Golfo - Limnocharis flava, Water lily - Nymphaea sp.

 

The Pantanal vegetation is composed of a patchwork that assembles different environments, attracting an unpaired range of wildlife.

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